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- 40Hex Number 9 Volume 2 Issue 5 File 007
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
- A New Virus Naming Convention
-
-
- At the Anti-Virus Product Developers Conference organized by NCSA in
- Washington in November 1991 a committee was formed with the objective
- of reducing the confusion in virus naming. This committee consisted
- of Fridrik Skulason (Virus Bulletin's technical editor) Alan Solomon
- (S&S International) and Vesselin Bontchev (University of Hamburg).
-
- The following naming convention was chosen:
-
- The full name of a virus consists of up to four parts, desimited by
- points ('.'). Any part may be missing, but at least one must be
- present. The general format is
-
- Family_Name.Group_Name.Major_Variant.Minor_Variant
-
- Each part is an identifier, constructed with the characters
- [A-Za-z0-9_$%&!'`#-]. The non-alphanumeric characters are permitted,
- but should be avoided. The identifier is case-insensitive, but
- mixed-case characters should be used for readability. Usage of
- underscore ('_') (instead of space) is permitted, if it improves
- readability. Each part is up to 20 characters long (in order to allow
- such monstriosities like "Green_Caterpillar"), but shorter names
- should be used whenever possible. However, if the shorter name is
- just an abbreviation of the long name, it's better to use the long
- name.
-
- 1. Family names.
-
- The Family_Name represents the family to which the virus belongs.
- Every attempt is made to group the existing viruses into families,
- depending on the structural similarities of the viruses, but we
- understand that a formal definition of a family is impossible.
-
- When selecting a Family_Name, the following guidelines must be
- applied:
-
- "Must"
-
- 1) Do not use company names, brand names or names of living people,
- except where the virus is provably written by the person. Common
- first names are permissible, but be careful - avoid if possible.
- In particular, avoid names associated with the anti-virus world.
- If a virus claims to be written by a particular person or company
- do not believe it without further proof.
-
- 2) Do not use an existing Family_Name, unless the viruses belong to
- the same family.
-
- 3) Do not invent a new name if there is an existing, acceptable name.
-
- 4) Do not use obscene or offensive names.
-
- 5) Do not assume that just because an infected sample arrives with a
- particular name, that the virus has that name.
-
- 6) Avoid numeric Family_Names like V845. They should never be used as
- family names, as the members of the family may have different
- lengths. When a new virus appears and a new Family_Name must be
- selected for it, it is acceptable to us a temporary name like
- _1234, but this must be changed as soon as possible.
-
- "Should"
-
- 1) Avoid Family_Names like Friday 13th, September 22nd. They should
- not be used as family names, as members of the family may have
- different activation dates.
-
- 2) Avoid geographic names which are based on the discovery site - the
- same virus might appear simultaneously in several different places.
-
- 3) If multiple acceptable names exist, select the original one, the
- one used by the majority of existing anti-virus programs or the
- more descriptive one.
-
- "General"
-
- 1) All short (less than 60 bytes) overwriting viruses are grouped
- under a Family_Name, called Trivial.
-
- 2. Group names.
-
- The Group_Name represents a major group of similar viruses in a virus
- family, something like a sub-family. Examples are AntiCAD (a
- distinguished clone of the Jerusalem family, containing numerous
- variants), or 1704 (a group of several virus variants in the Cascade
- family).
-
- When selecting a Group_Name, the same guidelines as for a Family_Name
- should be applied, except that numeric names are more permissible -
- but only if the respective group of viruses is well known under this
- name.
-
- 3. Major variant name.
-
- The major variant name is used to group viruses in a Group_Name, which
- are very similar, and usually have one and the same infective length.
- Again, the above guidelines are applied, with one major exception.
- The Major_Variant is almost always a number, representing the
- infective length, since it helps to distinguish that particular
- sub-group of viruses. The infective length should be used as
- Major_Variant name always when it is known. Exceptions of this rule
- are:
-
- 1) When the infective length is not known, because the viruses are not
- yet analyzed. In this case, consecutive numbers are used (1, 2, 3,
- etc.). This should be changed as soon as more information about
- the viruses becomes known.
-
- 2) When an alpha-numeric name of the virus sub-group already exists
- and is popular, or more descriptive.
-
- 4. Minor variant name.
-
- Minor variants are viruses with the same infective length, with
- similar structure and behaviour, but slightly different. Usually the
- minor variants are different patches of one and the same virus.
-
- When selecting a Minor_Variant name, usually consecutive letters of
- the alphabet are used (A, B, C, etc...). However, this is not a very
- hard restriction and longer names can be used as well, especially if
- the virus is already known under this (longer) name, or if the name is
- more descriptive than just a letter.
-
-
- The producers of virus detection software are strongly usrged to use
- the virus names proposed here. The anti-virus researchers are advised
- to use the described guidelines when selecting names for new viruses,
- in order to avoid further confusion.
-
- If a scanner is not able to distinguish between tow minor variants of
- a virus, it should output the virus name up to the recognized major
- variant. For instance, if it cannot distinguish between
- Dark_Avenger.2000.Traveller.Copy and Dark.Avenger.Traveller.Zopy, it
- should report both variants of the virus as Dark.Avenger.Traveller.
-
- If it is also not able to distinguish between the major variants, it
- should report the virus up to the recognized group name. That is, if
- the scanner cannot make the difference between
- Dark_Avenger.2000.Traveller.* and Dark_Avenger.2000.Die_Young, it
- should report all the variants as Dark_Avenger.2000.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- We at Phalcon/Skism welcome the proposals of this new committee. It
- is a step in the right direction, helping clear up the mess caused by the
- generation disorganisation which has dominated the virus naming conventions
- to date. Additionally, if implemented properly, it will aid in
- identification of strains. John McAfee's SCAN, which had been the best
- virus scanner, fell from grace recently, when it implemented a new policy
- of merging scan strings, causing confusion in identification. Fridrik
- Skulason's F-Prot is the current champion of virus identification.
-
- However, we must voice concerns that the rules are not strict enough.
- There are clearly too few rules to cover the numerous viruses which
- currently exist. Family, group, and major variant names for most current
- common viruses should be established now. These guidelines need be created
- ASAP to avoid later confusion. In the example in the last two paragraphs,
- Dark Avenger strains are labelled separately as Dark_Avenger.2000 and
- Dark.Avenger. Such confusion is simply not acceptable.
-
- Wherever possible, the current common names should be kept. It would
- be a shame if the world lost the Jerusalem family to some mad individual
- who wishes to name it 1808. The rules cover this, but it is important to
- set this down initially before stupid people butcher the rules. Number
- names are neither informative nor interesting. Imagine advertising a
- product as being able to catch "the deadly 605 virus." Some knobs have
- proposed a numerical classification scheme of viruses. They're living in a
- dream world.
-
- We applaud the efforts of the committee and may only hope that anti-
- virus developers attempt to adhere to the proposed rules. Hopefully, Mr.
- Skulason and Dr. Solomon will lead the way, converting their own products
- to this new naming convention. And who will classify the viruses? We
- propose an open forum for discussion on a large network such as UseNet or
- FidoNet moderated by either a virus researcher or anti-virus developer.
- This will allow input from many people, some of whom have particular
- specialties within certain groups of viruses.
-